A study by Climate Trends, a consultancy focusing on climate change, has revealed that rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall, and extreme weather events are adversely affecting the yields of temperate fruit varieties such as apples and peaches in Uttarakhand. This has led to a shift among farmers towards cultivating tropical fruits.
Research conducted by Palak Balyan and Debdatta Chakraborty indicates that Uttarakhand has seen a substantial decrease in fruit yields over the past seven years, with a 54% reduction in the area dedicated to fruit cultivation from 2016 to 2023, and a 44% drop in overall fruit yields. Temperate fruits have been particularly hard hit compared to tropical varieties. The study points out that fruit crops, especially perennials, are highly vulnerable to climate change due to their long growth cycles and the need for specific climatic conditions. Disruptions in critical phases such as flowering, fruit setting, and ripening are attributed to warmer winters, altered rainfall patterns, and increased extreme weather events.
In response, farmers in Uttarakhand are shifting towards the cultivation of tropical fruits like guava and dragon fruit, moving away from less productive temperate varieties. This transition is part of a broader move towards climate-resilient agricultural practices, which include establishing high-density orchards and introducing low-chill varieties of apples and peaches, as well as drought-tolerant crops like dragon fruit and kiwi.
These adaptations aim to counter the impacts of climate change and ensure the sustainability of fruit farming in the region. However, the changing climate conditions also pose challenges to supply chains, marketability, and storage, affecting farmers' profitability. "The findings highlight the necessity for ongoing research and investment in resilient farming practices to maintain Uttarakhand's fruit production amid climate challenges," Balyan stated. While the adoption of climate-resilient crops is promising, a comprehensive approach that includes technological and market-oriented solutions is essential for the long-term sustainability of the horticultural sector. "Climate change is reshaping Uttarakhand's agricultural landscape with significant effects on fruit production and rural livelihoods. Innovative farming practices provide avenues for adaptation, but the sector's resilience will depend on sustained research and strategic planning to address these climate issues," Balyan concluded.
Source: CNBC