Peru is recognized as the origin of the potato, with over 2,300 native species out of approximately 4,000 globally. This staple food was first domesticated in Peru up to 10,000 years ago, playing a significant role in the country's economy and culture. However, the climate crisis, characterized by irregular rainfall and increased frost, threatens this vital industry, particularly affecting native potato production in the Andean regions.
In response to these challenges, Peruvian farmers, government agencies, and research institutions are exploring innovative strategies to safeguard the genetic diversity of native potatoes. Efforts include planting at higher altitudes and industrializing native potato products to preserve species. The National Agrarian Innovation Institute of Peru (INIA) and the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Irrigation (Midagri) highlight the importance of adapting to climate impacts and maintaining genetic biodiversity to sustain the potato industry.
The International Potato Center (CIP) plays a crucial role in conserving native potato species through its germplasm bank and collaboration with local communities. Initiatives aim to repatriate seeds and increase biodiversity, with community involvement essential for the success of these conservation efforts. Despite challenges such as rural exodus and the need for financial support for climate adaptation, there is optimism for the future of Peru's potato heritage. Market demand for native varieties is growing, offering new opportunities for farmers and contributing to the preservation of biodiversity.
One innovative example is Sumac Chips, a family-owned business that processes native potatoes into chips, demonstrating the potential for adding value to traditional crops. This venture not only preserves a wide variety of native potatoes but also provides a sustainable income source for the family, highlighting the importance of diversification and value addition in agriculture.
As Peru navigates the impacts of the climate crisis on its potato industry, collaboration between farmers, researchers, and government agencies will be key to ensuring the survival and growth of this crucial sector. With adequate support and innovative approaches, Peru's agricultural green transition can continue to thrive, preserving its rich potato heritage for future generations.
Source: Think Landscape