In Missouri, the grape harvest has commenced earlier than usual across the state, attributed primarily to a reduced crop yield stemming from frost events in the preceding spring, as detailed by Dean Volenberg, interim director of the University of Missouri Grape and Wine Institute. Despite the lower yield, the quality of grapes harvested is reported to be exceptionally high, indicating a promising vintage for the year.
The grape growing cycle, having initiated around June 2023, remains susceptible to environmental influences until the bud burst phase in mid-April 2024. Volenberg notes a resemblance in weather patterns between Missouri and Colorado, characterized by warm autumns followed by significant temperature declines into December. While most grape varieties fared well into January, the Chardonel cultivar notably suffered from the adverse effects of sporadic spring frosts post-bud break, leading to potential crop reductions. However, some grape varieties have shown resilience, with certain growers experiencing normal yields unaffected by frost.
The early harvest is partly due to the rapid maturation of secondary grape clusters, which emerge following damage to primary buds by frost. This phenomenon has been observed even as some Norton grape varieties remain pending for harvest, with instances of full yield reaching up to 5 tons per acre. Looking ahead, favorable environmental conditions are hoped for the 2025 grape crop, with irrigation measures being implemented by growers in response to dry conditions in certain regions. Post-harvest, the emphasis is placed on maintaining a healthy canopy for an optimal period to ensure the vitality of the crop against early frosts.
Source: Extension