New York, the nation's third-largest wine producer, cultivates over 134 grape varieties across nearly 16,000 acres. Rising demand for New York grapes coincides with threats from invasive species, plant diseases, and climate variability, prompting a focus on research and management strategies for growers.
The New York Wine and Grape Foundation's 2024 Vineyard Report highlights challenges from invasive pests like the spotted lanternfly and powdery mildew. These pests threaten yield and quality, underscoring the importance of research and extension programs. Alejandro Calixto, director of the New York State Integrated Pest Management Program (NYSIPM), emphasized, "Grape growers are facing unprecedented threats from invasive species, making resources, research, and extension programs essential." A study by NYSIPM Agricultural Economist Allan Pinto indicates that spotted lanternfly infestations could cost producers millions.
To address these challenges, NYSIPM appointed entomologist Kyle Bekelja as the statewide grape-integrated pest management (IPM) coordinator. Bekelja collaborates with growers, Cornell Cooperative Extension, and Cornell AgriTech to develop pest management strategies. Calixto noted Bekelja's potential impact, stating, "His extension experience, research background, and ability to connect with growers will prove invaluable to New York's grape industry." Bekelja identified climate change, pesticide regulations, and invasive pests as key challenges. He stated, "Less predictable growing conditions and changing pesticide availability will have ramifications for grape growers across the state."
Cornell AgriTech research indicates that erratic seasonal shifts create new risks for grape production. Warmer autumns and unpredictable spring weather disrupt grapevines' natural signals for cold hardiness and blossoming. Jason Londo, associate professor at Cornell's School of Integrative Plant Science, noted, "As winters warm, it might seem beneficial, but the irregularity in fall and spring temperatures is problematic for grape development." Londo's study in the Journal of Experimental Botany found that grapes bred for winter hardiness are more vulnerable to late frost damage. Londo advised, "The safest strategy is to plant a diverse selection of cultivars for year-over-year resilience."
New York's grape industry faces challenges from pests, pesticide regulations, and climate change. Research, pest management programs, and adaptive strategies offer a path forward. By collaborating with experts and diversifying grape varieties, growers can navigate the evolving landscape.
Source: Cornell Chronicle / Cornell University