In South Africa, a novel approach is being investigated by scientists for the management of the woolly apple aphid, a significant pest impacting apple production. Originating from the US, this aphid has been a persistent issue in apple orchards globally, including South Africa since its first identification in 1895. The pest infests apple trees, disrupting nutrient and water flow, potentially leading to severe damage to the plants.
With apple cultivation spanning over 25,000 hectares in South Africa, particularly in the Western Cape's Ceres and Groenland regions, the industry produced 1.3 million tonnes of apples in 2023. Traditional control methods have relied heavily on chemical insecticides, which have led to resistance issues and environmental concerns. This has prompted researchers at Stellenbosch University's Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology to explore alternative pest control strategies.
Entomopathogenic fungi, naturally occurring in soils, have been identified as a potential biocontrol agent against the woolly apple aphid. The researchers tested six fungal species, finding three to be highly effective in infecting and killing the aphids rapidly. This discovery opens the door to developing commercial biocontrol products that could offer a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides, reducing environmental impact and addressing insecticide resistance.
The team plans to further test these fungi under natural conditions and pursue commercial production to provide apple growers with an effective tool for managing woolly apple aphid infestations. This research represents a significant step forward in sustainable agriculture practices in South Africa, offering hope for more environmentally friendly pest control methods.
Source: The Conversation